使用普通话听力正常婴幼儿听觉能力发育规律的研究

A normative study of auditory development in Mandarin-speaking infants

目的 使用婴幼儿有意义听觉整合量表（Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale,IT-MAIS）对使用普通话的听力正常婴幼儿的听觉能力发育正常值进行分析,为听力损失患儿的听觉能力评估提供正常值对照,为制定合理的听力康复方案提供依据.方法 共有北京地区183名普通话语言环境婴幼儿参与本研究,经病史采集、耳聋高危因素排查和耳声发射检查,共有160人通过所有检查项,其问卷结果纳入统计范围.入选婴幼儿年龄均在1～36个月,其中月龄1个月20人、2～3个月20人、4～6个月20人、7～9个月20人、10 ～ 12个月20人、13 ～ 18个月20人、19 ～24个月20人、25 ～ 36个月20人.采用IT-MAIS/MAIS量表评估受试婴幼儿听觉能力的发育情况,使用MATLAB R2010a软件对数据进行统计分析.结果 听力正常婴幼儿对声音的觉察能力得分随月龄的增加而增加,在月龄为19个月时达到满分,回归方程为：①得分=0.26 ×ln（月龄）＋0.23；②月龄=e[（得分-0.23）/0.26]；r2 =0.93.对声音的理解能力得分同样随月龄的增加而增加,在月龄为24个月时达到满分,回归方程为：①得分=0.34×ln（月龄）-0.07;②月龄=e[（得分＋0 07）/0 34]；r2 =0.93.听觉综合能力得分也随月龄的增加而增加,在月龄为22个月时达到满分,回归方程为：①得分=0.3 ×ln（月龄）＋0.09；②月龄=e[（得分-0.09）/0.3；r2=0.95.结论 听力正常婴幼儿听觉能力得分随月龄增加呈增长趋势,根据得分和月龄,分别可推断出听觉能力发育年龄和与年龄相对应的听觉能力得分.

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the development of auditory skills in Mandarin-speaking infants with normal hearing using IT-MAIS,set up normal comparison data for evaluating the auditory performance of children with hearing loss and provide a basis for establishing an appropriate hearing and speech rehabilitation program for them.Methods A total of 183 infants with Mandarinspeaking patents participated in this investigation which was conducted in Beijing,China.160 infants aged from 1 to 36 months were finally included,whose hearing were considered normal according to the history collection,high-risk registers for hearing loss and hearing screening using DPOAE.All infants were divided into 8 groups with 20 infants in each group by their ages.They were 1 month,2-3 months,4-6 months,7-9 months,10-12 months,13-18 months,19-24 months and 25-36 months group.The IT-MAIS/MAIS were administered to evaluate their development of auditory skills.All statistical analyses were executed using the MATLAB R2010a.Results The detection scores improved with age and reached ceiling at 19 months in infants with normal hearing,the regression function for prediction of scores from age was score =0.26 × ln （age） ＋0.23 and prediction of age from score was age =e[score-0.23]/0.26,r2 =0.93.The recognition scores also increased with age and reached ceiling at 24 months in infants with normal hearing,the regression function for prediction of scores from age was score =0.26 × ln（age）-0.07 and prediction of age from score was age =e[score ＋ 0.07] /0.34,r2 =0.93.The overall scores which combine the above two aspects augmented with age and reached ceiling at 22 months.The regression function for prediction of scores from age was score =0.3 × ln（age） ＋ 0.09 and prediction of age from score was age =e[score-0.09]/0.3,r2 =0.95.Conclusions Auditory skills showed a growth trend with age in infants with normal hearing.Scores of different auditory skills can be predicted according to their age.Age can also be predicted according to their scores of different auditory skills.