某鞋厂环境苯系物调查及其健康风险评估

Investigation and health risk assessment on environment Benzenes in a shoe factory

目的:为了解重庆市某大型鞋厂作业环境苯系物的暴露情况,对其进行健康风险评估。方法:根据新加坡建立的有害职业化学物质暴露风险评价指南,对作业工人的苯系物暴露情况及体检结果进行职业健康风险评估。结果:苯的风险等级为3.24,高于甲苯(2.57)和二甲苯(2.40)。不同工种工人白细胞异常率差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.236,P=0.027),不同性别作业工人白细胞异常率差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.334,P=0.002);作业工人的红细胞、血红蛋白、血小板异常率差异无统计学意义(Fisher,P=0.455～0.777)。制底车间和制帮车间苯的致癌风险明显高于美国环保署所规定的一般可接收水平的上限(10-4)。而制底车间甲苯的非致癌风险明显高于其他车间,为基准值的1.56倍。结论:该鞋厂制底和制帮车间存在严重的致癌风险,对工人健康带来严重威胁,易引发职业性苯中毒。需改善工厂的作业环境,确保工人的健康。

Objective：To understand the exposures of Benzenes in working environment of a shoe factory in Chongqing and to evaluate the risks to health. Methods：According to the established guidelines for harmful occupational chemical exposure risk assessment in Singapore, the exposure and health examination results of workers exposed to Benzenes were assessed. Results：Risk levels of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene were 3.24,2.57 and 2.40. Leukocyte abnormal rates were statistically different among workers with different types of work（xa=7.236,P=0.027）. Leukocyte abnormal rates were statistically different between male and female（xa=9.334,P=0.002）. There was no significant difference in erythrocytes,hemoglobin and platelet abnormal rate among workers（Fisher,P=0.455-0.777）. Cancer risks of Benzene in sole workshop and heel workshop were significantly higher than the maximum level（ 10-4） stipulated by the U.S. environmental protection agency. Non-cancer risk of Toluene was higher in soles workshop than the other workshops and was 1.56 times higher than the standard. Conclusions：Serious cancer risks exist in sole and heel workshops,posing health threat to work- ers. The working environment should be improved to ensure the health of workers.