基于多源遥感数据的南极冰架与海岸线变化监测

Monitoring the change of Antarctic ice shelves and coastline based on multiple-source remote sensing data

综合使用光学与微波遥感数据,提出了南极冰架变化连续监测的系统方法,包括基于MOA的冰架基准图生成,基于相似性测度的影像匹配,及基于阈值与分水岭变换的图像分割方法.使用该方法获取了2002—2011年初全南极18个主要冰架的变化数据,并归纳了南极冰架变化的三种类别.进一步得出,近年间崩解变化为主的冰架均处于西南极,并主要集中在南极半岛;扩展变化为主的冰架集中在东南极;南极三大冰架的扩展变化明显,其中Amery冰架将在近年发生较大崩解.本研究首次获取了2002年初至2011年初每年一幅的动态的全南极海岸线数据,并得出近10年间南极海岸线扩展增加总量为5878km2.

In this paper, a systematic method for monitoring the change of Antarctic ice shelves is proposed, utilizing the optical and microwave remote sensing data. This systematic method includes three steps： creating the basic images of Antarctic ice shelves by the MOA, matching images by the similarity measure technique, and the image segmentation based on the threshold and Watershed Transform. The data of changes of the 18 major shelves in Antarctica from 2002 to early 2011 is obtained by the new method, and three kinds of Antarctic ice shelves are sorted by the variation character. Further, it concludes that the recent collapsed ice shelves are all in the west Antarctica, and mainly concentrated in the Antarctic Peninsula; expansion mainly concentrated in the east Antarctica; the three largest ice shelves extend obviously, and the Amery iceshelf will collapse in coming years. In addition, this is the first study to obtain the dynamic Antarctic coastline data from 2002 to the early 2011, and the calculated extension amount of Antarctic coastline is 5878 km2.