论正当防卫的本质

关于正当防卫的本质 ,资产阶级刑法理论提出了自然法说、紧急状态说、效用说、权利侵害说等不同的观点。这些观点都有形式化、片面性的缺点 ,未能科学揭示正当防卫的本质。事实上 ,正当防卫的存在具有坚实的哲学根据、法学根据和道义根据。 (1 )哲学根据——权利与权力的对立统一 ;(2 )法学根据——报应与预防 ;(3)道义根据——正义与秩序的对立统一。因此 ,正当防卫的本质是多元的而不是一元的。

Among the theories of bourgeois criminal law,as for the essence of justifiable defence,are the theory of natural law,the theory of the state of emergency,the theory of effectiveness and that of infringing upon one's rights. However,these view points are somewhat onesided and formalistic, which has brought to light the nature of justifiable defence. In fact, the existence of justifiable defence bases solidly on the foundations of and morality. (1)foundations of philosophy—the opposite of unity of rights and powes; (2)foundations of Jurisprudence— retribution and prevention; (3)The foundations of morality—the unity of opposite of justice and order.Therefore,the Essence of justifiable defence is pluralistical rather than monistical.