光伏组件精确工程模型及MPP电压范围研究

Accurate Engineering Model of PV Module and Voltage Range at Maximum Power Point of Grid-Connected PV Inverter

光伏并网变流器最大功率点(maximum power point,MPP)电压范围的确定是以组件的输出特性研究为基础的。组件的数学模型精确度较高,但涉及到超越方程,求解复杂且输入参数多,不适用于工程设计。简化模型计算过程简单但不能准确表述弱光条件下的组件输出特性。基于对数学模型及简化模型的对比分析,提出了一种精确的工程模型,该模型以数学模型为基准,对简化模型的补偿参数进行拟合修正,同时兼顾精确度与复杂程度。利用MATHCAD搭建仿真模型,将输出结果与数学模型输出进行对比,验证了精确工程模型的准确性。以该精确工程模型为基础,通过分析光照、温度等外界条件对MPP电压的影响,确定了并网变流器最大功率点跟踪工作电压范围,并通过实验验证了结论的正确性。

The research on output characteristics of photovoltaic （PV） module is the foundation to determine the voltage range at maximum power point （MPP） of grid-connected PV inverter. The mathematical model of PV module is of high accuracy, however considering such disadvantages of the mathematical model such as concerning in transcendental equation, complex solving process and too much input parameters, it is not suitable for engineering design; the calculation of simplified model of PV module is simple, however by which the output characteristics of PV module under low light condition cannot be accurately described. Based on contrastive analysis on the mathematical model and simplified model, an accurate engineering model of PV module, which is benchmarked in the mathematical model, is proposed. The compensation parameters of the simplified model is fitted and modified, meanwhile both accuracy and complexity of engineering model are taken into account. The MathCad program is utilized to built the simulation model of PV module, and the output results of the simulation model is contrasted with the output of the mathematical model to verify the accuracy of accurate engineering model. Based on the proposed engineering model, through analyzing the impacts of external conditions such as illumination, temperature and so on, the voltage range traced at MPP of grid-connected PV inverter can be accurately determined, and the correctness of this conclusion is validated by experimental results.