长期定位施肥对紫色丘陵区作物产量稳定性的影响

Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Crop Yield Stability in Purple Hilly Region

以不施肥处理为对照,分析了4种不同施肥水平下作物产量及土壤养分的变化。结果表明,①对照处理产量逐年降低,其他施肥处理下产量均有增长的趋势,且小麦和玉米产量均以有机肥与化肥配施处理最高,其多年平均产量分别比对照提高了70.47%和66.97%;不同施肥处理间产量差异极显著。②玉米产量的稳定性高于小麦,对照处理产量稳定性最低,有机肥与化肥配施处理稳定性最高,施肥是提高生态系统稳定性的有效途径。③作物产量与土壤有机质、全氮均极显著线性正相关。可见,有机肥与化肥配施是维持玉米和小麦稳产和高产的有效途径。

To study the effects of different levels of fertilization on crop yield stability, the changes of crop yield and soil nutrients were analyzed under four different fertilization levels with non-fertilizer treatment as the control. Results showed that： （Dthe yields of wheat and corn decreased under the control treatment and increased under long-term fertilization year by year. The yields of corn and wheat under organic ma- nure and chemical fertilizer were the highest and were 70.47~ and 66.97~ higher than those in the con- trol treatment . There was a greatly significant difference between the yields under different fertilizer treatments. QYield stability of corn was higher than that of wheat. The yield stability was the lowest in the control treatment while the stability of yield was the highest in treatment of organic manure and chemi- cal fertilizer. Fertilization was the effective way to improve the stability of ecosystem. QThere were great- ly significantly positive linear relationships between yield and soil nitrogen content as well as soil organic matter. So, the mixture of organic manure and chemical fertilizer was effective to maintain stable and high yield of corn and wheat.