临安市雷竹林土壤肥力分析与培肥措施

The Fertilization Measures and Analysis of Soil Fertility in the Bamboo Shoot Groves (CV. Ventricousinternode) in Lin'an City

由于临安雷竹林长期偏施化学氮肥后，雷竹生长所需的养分与投入的肥料养分不平衡，引起土壤养分失衡。为了摸清临安市雷竹土壤状况，经过2年时间对临安市集中种植雷竹林的19个乡镇进行土壤肥力调查研究，共采集雷竹林土壤表层（0~30 cm）样品567个，对土壤理化性状变化进行分析，以期探明雷竹林土壤衰退的主要原因。通过567个土壤样品耕层土壤理化性状分析，临安雷竹林集约化经营对土壤理化性状变化幅度较大。耕层土壤pH的变化范围在3.0~7.8之间；土壤有机质的变化范围7.40~100.00 mg/kg之间，土壤有效磷的变化范围在1.70~765.00 mg/kg之间；土壤速效钾的变化范围在23.00~926.00 mg/kg之间。通过研究结果表明：雷竹林地表覆盖有机物和大量施用化学氮肥集约化种植模式，导致土壤养分不平衡，是诱发雷竹林土壤衰退的主要原因。

A soil fertility survey, involving 19 townships in Linan where bamboo shoot groves are intensively planted, was conducted from 2010 to 2011. 567 soil samples were collected from the soil surface layer （0-30 cm） of bamboo shoot groves and analyzed for their physical and chemical properties to ascertain main reasons for soil degradation in the bamboo shoot groves. The analysis of physical and chemical properties of 567 soil samples showed that there was a wide range of differences in soil physical and chemical properties due to the intensive operation of bamboo shoot groves in Lin’an. Among those differences are pH 3.0-7.8, organic matter 7.40-100.00 g/kg, available phosphorus 1.70-765.00 mg/kg and available potassium 23.00-926.00 mg/kg. This showed that the intensive planting mode combining soil surface organic mulching with over-application of nitrogen fertilizer has resulted in the unbalance of soil nutrients and soil degradation in the bamboo groves.