松嫩高平原黑土区耕地土壤生态环境质量特征及空间分布规律

The Characteristics of Cultivated Land Soil Ecological Environment Quality and Its Spatial Distribution Lawin Black Soil Region of Songnen High Plain

准确掌握黑土区典型区域耕地土壤生态环境质量特征及其空间分布规律对促进农业的可持续发展具有重要的参考价值。以松嫩高平原黑土区的典型区域——黑龙江省巴彦县为研究区,运用通用流失方程(USLE)、内梅罗综合污染指数法、潜在生态危害指数法及多因素综合评价模型,从土壤侵蚀和土壤重金属污染2个方面评价研究区2009年耕地土壤生态环境质量,分析其特征及空间分布规律。结果表明:研究区耕地土壤生态环境质量总体特征为一等地所占比重最高,依次向二、三、四、五等地递减,质量较差的耕地土壤主要受重金属污染的影响;耕地土壤生态环境质量等级的高低主要与土壤类型、坡度坡长及Cd、Hg 2种重金属元素污染存在密切的关系,呈现出明显的地域分布规律;18个乡镇耕地土壤生态环境质量等级差别较大,万发镇、富江乡和德祥乡的耕地土壤生态环境质量最好,巴彦镇和兴隆镇的部分耕地因受到Hg元素的污染,红光乡的部分耕地因受到Cd元素的污染,导致其耕地土壤生态环境质量较差。

It was the important reference value to control the characteristics of cultivated land soil ecological environment quality and spatial distribution law for promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. This paper taking the typical area of Black Soil Region of Songnen High Plain-Bayan County in Heilongjiang Province as the study area, using Universal Soil Loss Equation（USLE）, Nemoro comprehensive pollution index,potential ecological risk index and multi-factor synthetic evaluation model, from the two aspects of soil erosion and soil heavy metal pollution, evaluated the cultivated land soil ecological environment quality of the study area in 2009, and analyzed its characteristics and spatial distribution law. The results showed： The general characteristics of the cultivated land soil ecological environment quality in study area were that the proportion of first-class cultivated land the highest, in turn decreasing to two, three, four, five other classes, poor quality cultivated land soil was mainly affected by the influence of heavy metal pollution. Cultivated land soil ecological environment quality grade with the soil type, slope, slope length and both heavy metals pollution Cd, Hg, had a close relationship, showing obvious regional distribution law. 18 townships and towns cultivated land soil ecological environment quality grade in large differences, the cultivated land soil ecological environment quality of Wanfa town, Fujiang township and Dexiang township were best. Part of Bayan town and Xinglong town cultivated land was polluted by Hg element, part of Hongguang township cultivated land by Cd element, resulting in poor cultivated land soil ecological environment quality.