基于贸易货物波动的集装箱船型选择研究

Ship Selection of Container Transport Based on Trade Goods Fluctuation

国际贸易货物的波动性决定了集装箱运输需求的时空分布,从而影响集装箱运输的船型选择.本文基于国际贸易货物的时空波动特征,以集装箱运输总成本最小为目标,构建集装箱运输船型选择优化模型,以宁波港与不同国家的13个港口间的点对点航线为对象进行数值分析.结果表明,船型选择与贸易货物的波动性密切相关,由于贸易货物的时空波动性,不同航线上的集装箱运输所使用的最佳船型不同.研究还发现,运输成本随船型规模的变大而先减小后增大,且有极小值,与极小值对应的船型即为航线应采用的最佳船型.

The international trade goods fluctuation determines the distribution of spatial and temporal in container transport, and further affects the ship selection. An optimization model is build for ship selection with the aim to minimize the total cost for container transport, on the bases of spatial and temporal fluctuation in the international trade goods. The point-point shipping lines from Ningbo Port to 13 oversea ports are used to numerical analyze as the empirical examples. The calculated results show that ship selection depends on the trade goods fluctuation, for shipping lines with different goods volumes and fluctuations need to use the different ships. It is also found that as the ship size increase, the transportation cost decreases first but increases later. The cost curve has a minimum point and the ship corresponding to the point is the best one.