否定副词“不用”的词汇化

The Lexicalization of Negative Adverb Bú Yòng in Chinese

否定副词"不用"来自跨层结构"不用"。当"X"由NP变为VP,构式"不用X"发生了重新分析,结构层次由[不+(用+X)]变为[(不+用)+X],随后"不用"逐渐凝固化、词汇化为否定副词,这一过程最终在唐代完成。"不用"词汇化的动因是词汇的双音化、使用频率、主观化,词汇化的机制是重新分析。

Negative adverb Bu Ybng was originally derived from the cross-layer structure Bu Yong. In the lexiealization process, When ＂X＂ became VP from NP, the structure ＂Bu Yong X＂ underwent reanalysis. The hierarchical structure changed from [Bu＋（Yong＋X）]into [（Bu＋Ybng）＋X],and gradually lexicalized into a negative adverb. The lexicalization was finally completed in Tang Dynasty. The motivations of the lexicalization include the disyllabification,the frequency of use, subjectivization, and the reanalysis is its mechanism.