基于多元遥感影像数据的黄河上游滑坡发育特征研究

CHARACTERISTICS OF LANDSLIDES IN UPPER REACHES OF YELLOW RIVER WITH MULTIPLE DATA OF REMOTE SENSING

黄河上游地区滑坡分布广泛,危害严重,是我国地质灾害的高易发区。文章以不同分辨率的多元遥感数据QuickBird(QB)、GeoEye、ZY-3、ZY-102C、Google earth等为数据源,结合野外现场实地调查和遥感验证等手段,开展了黄河上游地区滑坡发育的空间形态、展布特征研究,主要取得了以下认识:(1)研究区滑坡遥感影像特征明显,共发现各种类型的滑坡体508处,以群科—尖扎盆地分布数量最多;(2)滑坡的空间宏观展布形态主要有8种,岩土体类型主要有4类,并以泥岩滑坡发育数量最多;(3)滑体堆积体的长、宽主要集中在550～1500m和600～1500m,且长、宽呈两极化方向延展;(4)滑坡体的长度与前后缘的相对高程差和滑体平均坡度呈良好的线性关系。研究成果将为该地区严重的地质灾害防治提供基础地质依据。

The upper reaches of Yellow River northeastern Tibet Plateau （TP） is a high prone zone of geological disasters in western part of China.In the region,some large-scale and giant landslides are notable for their scales,complex formation mechanism,and serious destruction.In this paper,several different high resolution kinds of remote sensing data,such as QuickBird（QB）,GeoEye,ZY-3,ZY-1 02C and Google earth,are used to be source data.They are combined with ways of field survey and remote sensing verification to carry out the spatial flatform of landslides and their distribution characteristics.（1）Remote sensing images of landslides characteristics are very obvious clearly in the study area.It is founded that there are 508 landslides.A majority of them are distributed in the Qunke-Jianzha Basin.（2）The spatial morphological flat patterns of landslides can be divided into eight categories.They are round-backed armchair-like and semi-elliptical pattern,dustpan pattern,dumbbell pattern,tongue pattern （including long tongue,rectangular,mat,stepped shape）,saddle pattern,long-arc pattern and triangular pattern.The rock and soil types of landslides can be divided into four categories,loess landslide,mudstone landslide,semi consolidation diagenetic landslide and rock landslide.The number of mudstone landslides is the most.（3）The lengths and widths of landslide masses are mainly and respectively concentrated on 550m to 1500m and 600m to 1500m.They are extended directions by different polarizations.（4）The average elevation of landslides are mainly between 2400m to 2800m.The relative elevation differences of the front sheer opening and back trailing edge are concentrated on the 150m to 400m and around 750m.There are good linear relationships among the average slope angle,the relative elevation difference and the length of landslides mass.The research results can provide a basis evidence for serious geological disasters prevention and environment protection in study area.