晚唐僖宗时马嵬诗及同类咏史诗之变

Historical Poems on Ma Wei in the Late Tang Dynasty and the Change of Poems of the Same Type

晚唐僖宗幸蜀与玄宗幸蜀的历史相似性,导致这一时期集中出现了以马嵬、西施为题材的咏史诗,这类诗歌结束了以往女色误国的论调,大都持兴亡与杨妃、西施无关之说。历来人们认为这类诗歌是为美人开脱,同时也是晚唐咏史诗好为翻案语的一种明证。而考察具体的诗歌作品,并非如此,这类诗歌在特定的历史情境下出现意味着对历史的总结,并由此期冀统治者及世人警醒,有很强烈的政治介入感,并藉此进行政治反思,认为内无贤臣、外无良将、君主骄佚与德政不修是国家衰亡的原因。

The historical similarities of Xuanzong and Xizong's trips to Shu(present Sichuan Province) resulted in historical poems on Mawei and Xishi. This kind of poems held that national ruin had had no relationship with Yang Guifei and Xishi, but it is believed that such poems were to get rid of the accuses of beauties and to reverse verdicts. However, examining specific poems leads to different conclusions: this kind of poetry in specific historical situation means the summary of the history, with the hope that the ruler and the people became alert. The poems have a very strong sense of political involvement, and thus for political thoughts that no good ministers, no benevolent rule, the lack of able commanding officers, the king's extravagance are the causes of the decline of the nation.