国外内陆核电状况及我国内陆核电建设亟待解决的问题

Introduction to Inland Nuclear Power Abroad and Issues to be Solved in China

我国在运核电机组均分布在沿海,而世界在运核电机组一半分布在内陆。法国和美国内陆核电厂的选址原则与滨海核电厂是一致的,两国长期的运行实践证明内陆核电站在安全上是可靠的,其对环境的影响是可以接受的。总结已有研究的成果,根据我国核电厂选址工作中的经验、以及核安全和环境保护的有关法规要求,提出我国内陆核电建设应加强核电厂址与人口分布、放射性流出物对生态环境影响、地震和超设计基准洪水问题、核电厂用水与淡水资源承载能力、水文地址条件对核素在地下水中的迁移影响、核安全知识普及、水资源应急响应等方面研究。

All operating nuclear power units in China located at coast, but half of operating nuclear power units in the world located at inland. The principle of inland site and coastal site is consistent both in France and USA. The long practice in these two great nuclear power countries proves that, the inland nuclear power is credible on the aspect of security and acceptable on the aspect of environment. Based on the existing research results, the experiences of choosing power sites, the related rules of law on nuclear safe and environment protection in China, the following issues should be given more research, including the relationship between inland power site and distribution of population, the coo-environmental effect caused by radioactive effluents, the problems on earthquake and beyond design basis flood, the nuclear power water consumption conflict with water resources carrying capacity, the nuclide transfer effected by hydrogeology condition, the popularization of nuclear culture and the emergency response on water resources.