苹果变产树芽矿质营养变化规律研究

Study on Variation Law of Mineral Nutrients in Buds of Alternate Bearing Apple Tree

以23年生富士苹果为试材，研究了变产结果树（以稳产树为对照）生长季短枝顶芽以及休眠期花芽和叶芽矿质营养的变化特征。结果表明：休眠期和生长季，顶芽、花芽和叶芽中N、P和K的含量均为大年树〉稳产树〉小年树。三类结果树花芽和叶芽中N、P、K含量在休眠期较为稳定，进入萌芽期后均降低，且不同类型结果树相同元素含量的降幅基本一致，其中，叶芽中的N、花芽中的P和K下降较明显，降幅分别为39．1％～40．4％、34．6％～36．4％和26．2％～28．2％。

Using 23 year - old Fuji apple trees as materials, the variation characteristics of mineral nutrients in spur terminal buds during growth period and in flower and leaf buds during dormant period were studied taking stable bearing apple trees as control. The resuhs showed that, during dormant and growth period, contents of N, P and K in terminal, flower and leaf buds of on - year bearing apple tree were the largest, and those of off - year bearing apple tree were the lowest. The contents of N, P and K in flower and leaf buds of 3 types of apple trees were stable during dormant period, and decreased after sprout period. The content of the same element in different types of apple trees decreased at similar degree. The N content in leaf buds, P and K contents in flower buds decreased obviously by 39.1% -40.4%, 34.6% -36.4% and 26.2% - 28.2% respectively.