放射性固体废物热解焚烧处理的实验研究

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PYROLYSIS INCINERATION PROCESS FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTES

为了适应焚烧处理含有较多塑料、橡胶等难燃成分的放射性废物的需要,中辐院开展了热解焚烧处理过程的实验研究。热解焚烧的特点是将固体物料的直接燃烧转化为挥发性热解产物的燃烧,燃烧易于完全。在小试与台架试验中确定了热解与燃烧过程的工艺条件,并选定了先于式高效除尘然后碱洗除酸气的烟气净化流程。在此基础上,与核工业某厂合作进行了冷中间试验验证。中试结果表明,在所用的工艺流程和工艺条件下,塑料、橡胶含量较大的废物可以得到完全燃烧,减容效果明显,过程进行比较平稳、易于控制。此过程还具有能耗低、烟气净化流程简单等特点。

For treating combustible radioactive wastes containing plastic and rubber in considerable amount,a pyrolysis incineration process has been developed.Through laboratory study and bench testthe technologic process and conditions were specified.The results obtained in pilot test demonstratedthat the waste containing a larger amount of plastics and rubber could be burnt perfectly in given tech-nologic conditions,a high volume reduction factor was obtained,and the process was easy to control.