自由与权威的和解——认真对待霍布斯

Reconciliation between Liberty and Authority——Taking Hobbes Serious

在政治哲学史上,霍布斯是位颇具争议的政治思想家,其主权权威与公民自由的思想主张被认为是充满理论张力的,实际上,霍布斯主张主权权威和公民自由是相容的。霍布斯企图从基于人的自保本性和恐惧心理出发,设计出利维坦式的主权权威来赢得社会秩序,实现现代政治秩序的再生产;用全新的自由内涵置换古典共和主义的自由之义,迎来了近代自由主义自由的诞生;公民自由和政治秩序的融合与两者的兼得,是霍布斯设计利维坦式国家的真正鹄的,开启了近代政治哲学的新局面。

Hobbes is a debatable thinker in political philosophy history. There is theoretical tension be- tween sovereignty authority and civil liberty in his thought. In fact, his opinion of sovereignty authority and civil liberty is consistent and reconciled. Hobbes devises Leviathan＇ s sovereignty authority to gain social or- der, on the basis of human self - protection and fear in psychology. He replaces liberty connotation of classical republicanism by new liberal concept, and promotes the emerge of modem liberalism. The end of Hobbes＇ Leviathan is to realize reconciliation of civil liberty and political order,create a new age of modem political philosophy .