老年患者下呼吸道感染细菌构成及临床分析

Constitution and clinical analysis of bacteria in senile patients with lower respiratory tract infection

目的了解老年患者下呼吸道感染病原菌分布及耐药性。方法对老年患者下呼吸道感染的痰标本进行培养分离致病菌株进行鉴定和药敏试验。结果共分离出病原菌386株,其中革兰阴性杆菌291株,革兰阳性球菌70株,真菌25株;常见的病原菌为铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌。真菌感染呈上升趋势。分离病原菌耐药率分析发现,对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药性严重,万古霉素、替考拉宁、亚胺培南耐药率低。结论老年患者下呼吸道感染以革兰阴性杆菌为主,而且耐药性较强。

Objective To study the distribution and antibiotic resistance of bacteria in senile patients with lower respiratory tract infection. Methods The sputum samples of senile patients with lower respiratory infection were collected and cultured to conduct identifi- cation and drug resistance test. Results There were a total of 386 strains isolated, including 291 strains of gram-negative bacilli, 70 strains of gram-positive cocci and 25 strains of fungi. The most common pathogen was pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by klebsieUa pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Fungal infection showed a upwards tendency. Most bacteria showed high resistance to β-1actam antibiot- ics, and low resistance to vancomycin, teicoplanin and imipenem. Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria is the major pathogen in senile patients with lower respiratory tract infection and its drug-resistance is severe.