女真建国前传统手工业初探

A Preliminary Study of Jurchen Traditional Handicrafts before the Founding of the Jin Dynasty

女真族早在建立金朝之前,就有传统手工业。其传统手工业门类主要有冶铁与铁器制造、纺织与皮毛皮革加工、木制手工业、酿酒、造船等。在冶铁行业已经出现了专门从事冶铁的家族与专门的手工业者;女真人已能织布,并且用于对外交换,用所加工的皮革来制作服饰;其所使用的生活器具和居住房屋多为木制,已经掌握了木器加工技术;此外,还会用糜酿酒,制造舟船。

Before the founding of the Jin Dynasty, the Jurchens started their handicrafts industry. The main categories of their traditional handicrafts included iron smelting and iron manufacturing, textile, fur and leather processing, wooden handicrafts, wine, shipbuilding and so on. There once appears in the iron industry families specializing in metal fabrication and specialized craftsmen. The Jurchens had been able to weave cloth for trade, use the processed leather to make clothing. Their daily utensils and residential housing were mostly made of wood as they had mastered wood processing technology. In addition, they could also make wine with corns and build boats.