新型气管插管器具发展的新特点

Recent characteristic of newly developed intubation devices

背景自上世纪40年代Macintosh和Miller喉镜片问世以来，各种新的气管插管器具被商业性推广。目的综述与目前临床实践相关的新型气管插管器具。内容重点阐述新型气管插管器具与传统直接喉镜性能的比较、新型气管插管器具的并发症、新型气管插管器具在清醒气管插管方法中的应用以及新型气管插管器具气管插管失败的预测等。趋向在预知的和未预知的困难气管插管或者气管插管失败的情况下，应用新型气管插管器具可获得极高的气管插管成功率。然而更重要的是，操作者应用各种新型气管插管器具的经验和技能是保证其在不同临床情况下成功应用的关键。

Background A myriad of new intubation devices has been commercialized since the appearance of Macintosh/ Miller blades in the 1940s. Objective We review the new intubation devices that are relevant to current clinical practice. Content We mainly describe the comparative performance of new vs traditional direct laryngoscopes, their complications, their uses in awake intubation techniques and prediction of unsuccessful intubation with new devices. Trend In both predicted and unpredicted difficult or failed intubation, use of new intubation devices can obtain a higher success rate of endotracheal intubation. Most importantly, however, experience and competence of operators with any of the new intubation devices are critical for ensuring successful use in any clinical setting.