基于项目理论的评估对儿童健康干预评估的启示

Child health intervention: Theory-based evaluation

干预项目具有长期性、复杂性,对其进行适宜的评估是推动其可持续发展的关键。基于项目理论的评估在评估内容和方法上的综合性,不仅有助于对项目运行过程"黑匣子"的破解,提升评估研究的专业水平,同时也对项目评估研究和项目管理水平的提高有不容忽视的促进作用。我国儿童健康状况与发达国家仍有一定差距,且地区间发展不平衡问题较为突出。目前针对儿童常见疾病、健康生活方式、生长发育、儿童看护人保健认知和就医行为以及妇幼保健机构基础能力建设等开展了一系列干预项目,但项目评估相关研究较为欠缺,在评估思路和方法上存在不足。本文在对基于项目理论的评估和国内外儿童健康干预评估现状进行梳理和分析的基础上,提出转变传统儿童健康干预评估观念、从注重结果的鉴定性评估转向重视过程的诊断性评估、对儿童健康干预评估结果及时进行反馈与运用、注重加强儿童健康干预项目评估能力建设等建议。

Child health intervention is protracted and complex. Appropriate assessment plays an important role in promoting its sustainable development. The integration including contents and methods of theory-based evaluation contributes to cracking the black box of the project, making evaluation more professional and raising the level of the specific project evaluation and management. There is still a prominent gap between child health in China and in de- veloped countries. Numerous intervention projects are aimed at common diseases in children, healthy lifestyle, growth and development, the cognitive and medical behavior toward child-watchers, basic capacity building of mater- nal and child health care institutions have been carried out. However, research on evaluation of projects is insuffi- cient, and ideas and methods are also insufficient. This article analyzes theory-based evaluation and status at home and abroad and makes some recommendations, including transforming the concept of traditional evaluation of child health intervention, converting the emphasis of assessment on outcome to process, using the assessment results in time, and strengthening the capacity of evaluation on child health intervention project.