基于三维分类法的旅游信息分类体系与编码初探

A Preliminary Study of Classification and Coding of Tourism Information based on a Three-dimensional Classification System

随着国民收入的增长、消费理念的转变以及闲暇时间的增多,旅游业飞速发展,逐渐成为国家战略性支柱产业,为其提供理论、技术、信息支撑的旅游信息科学呼之欲出。进行旅游信息分类体系与编码研究是旅游信息科学理论的重要研究内容,同时为旅游管理、规划决策、旅游信息平台搭建提供技术与信息支持。文章基于旅游三体、旅游六要素、需求层次、协同、可持续发展和信息组织六大理论,结合目前旅游业与相关产业融合发展态势,全面系统地提取了各类旅游信息;采用时间、空间、属性三维分类方法,建立了旅游信息三维立体分类模型,构建了旅游信息五级分类体系基本框架;应用"空间维+时间维+属性维"信息编码结构,确定了旅游信息编码的3段37位代码;通过陕西省旅游信息管理数据库系统的实践验证,旅游信息分类体系和编码系统性强,完整性高,操作便捷,可为旅游信息科学的理论研究及实践应用提供借鉴。

Income levels in China have grown in recent years, and when taken in conjunction with changes in consumer patterns and increased leisure time, the result is that the tourism industry is developing rapidly and has gradually become a national strategic pillar industry. Consequently, Tourism Information Science, as a subject that provides scientific theory, analysis and thematic information for the tourism industry, is an emerging area of great interest. Research on the classification and coding of tourism information is an important Tourism Information Science （TIS） with theoretical investigation activities. TIS provides technical and information support for tourism management, planning decision-making and tourism information platform construction. This paper discusses six theoreties supporting Tourism Information Science： tourism three entities, tourism six elements, hierarchy of demand, synergy, sustainable development, and information organization. We discuss the three dimensional information classification method that underpins tourism information classification and coding and clarifies the logical relationship between the two. We use inductive and deductive methods in combination with current tourism development trends to systematically and fully extract various aspects of tourism information such as catering, accommodation, transportation, travel, shopping, and entertainment. We establish a three-dimensional classification model of tourism information through the application of time, space and attribute elements, and create the basic framework for a 5-grade tourism information classification system. We analyze the structure of the identified classification system from different tourist information classification levels including category size, arrangement, and naming. Moreover, we provide a concrete justification of the tourism information classification though the application of cartography, a geographic information system and general tourism science expertise. Specifically the attribute dimension of ＇ information＇ has been further subdivided into four： tourist information, tourism destination information, tourism industry information and tourism management information. From a computer management view, and with a synthetic consideration of the coding structure and coding method, we use a decimal digital coding method and an information coding structure that examines ＂ space dimension ＋ time dimension ＋ attribute dimension＂. From this method we define a tourism information code that comprises three sections and 37 bits. The first section is a five-grade space dimension code consisting of 16 digits; the second section is four-grade time dimension code consisting of nine digits, including the year, the month, the date and the season; the third section is four-grade attribute dimension code comprising of seven digits; and finally, unessential information is reflected by the number zero. Our study includes a testing of the described process in China＇ s Shaanxi Province tourism information management database system. The results of the test show that the tourism information system of classification and coding is very systematic, highly integral, convenient to operate, and can provide a reference for the theoretical research and practical application of Tourism Information Science. However, the developed tourism information classification and coding system is a dynamic one; hence, with the speeding up of information dissemination and diffusion, the changes in tourism market demands and the deepening of applications, its structure and contents will need to be continuously optimized and improved.