广西药用野生稻资源调查收集与保护建议

Collection and Conservation Strategies of Oryza officinalis Wall in Guangxi

广西药用野生稻原生地破坏十分严重。20世纪70年代普查时在58个公社分布有药用野生稻，2002．2009年重新调查时，仅在44个乡镇发现分布有药用野生稻，比20世纪70年代减少了24．14％。为确保广西药用野生稻资源的安全，共抢救性收集了185个居群、2318份药用野生稻资源，有效地保存了广西药用野生稻种质资源遗传多样性和完整性。同时，在调查中还发现药用野生稻原生地新的分布点15个以及植株高达5．2m、茎秆高位分蘖有3～4个分枝和半卷叶药用野生稻等特殊种质资源。根据调查结果和对广西药用野生稻濒危状况及其根源的分析，对未来药用野生稻的保护提出了建议。

Distribution of Oryza officinalis Wall in Guangxi used to be very frequent, but the habitats were dam- aged seriously in recent years. During the first round survey conducted in 1970s, Oryza officinalis were found in 58 townships,while during a second round survey conducted in the time span of 2002-2009, the native distribution points were found only in 44 townships, a decrease of 24.14% occurred. To ensure the safe conservation and genetic diversity of the precious germplasm,we collected 2318 accessions representing 185 populations according to Scientif- ic sampling methods. At the same time, 15 new points were uncovered and some special germplasm resources, such as those with high plant height （ 5.2 m）, tilling from high nodes with 3-4 branches and half-curved leaves were found during the on-site survey. The endangering status and the causing reason were analyzed, and the collection and conservation strategies were suggested.