“新文学进化论”与世界文学史观──评美国“重构派”莫莱蒂教授的学说

Franco Moretti's Reconstructionist“New Theory of Literary Evolution”and World Literary History

作为美国"世界文学重构"的主体性理论观念之一,莫莱蒂的"新文学进化论"是19世纪以来的西方文学进化论在后工业化时代语境下的再现。达尔文进化论虽然曾经对西方社会科学与文学理论有一定影响,但其认识论与研究方法的局限性早已暴露得相当明显。而莫莱蒂所提出的情节与风格的相互作用的论点,结合了形式主义与西方的世界体系学说所体现的历史观念,作为重构世界文学的创新性文学史观,突破了结构主义以来世界文学史共时史观及研究模式的束缚,对西方文学史观的理论更新仍有一定的推动作用。

This paper claims that Franco Moretti＇ s ＂New Theory of Literary Evolution＂ as one of the subjectivity theories behind the reconstruction of world literature history could be viewed as the reproduction in the postindustrial era of the evolution theory of literature in the 19th - century West. Although Darwin＇ s evolution theory had profound impacts in the Westem theory of social sciences, its limitations in epistemology and methodology have long been exposed and challenged. Moretti＇ s plot - style interaction proposition takes into consideration formalist theory and the Western theory of world system, trying to reconstruct an innovative theory of world literature. The paper concludes that Moretti＇ s preposition implies a breakthrough to the prevailing synchronic concept of literary history since structuralism and may push forward the research of literary history and criticism.