梅县地区新生儿流行病学调查

Epidemiological survey on neonate in Meixian area

目的 探究广东省梅县地区新生儿的流行病学,主要涉及疾病谱及转归.方法 将梅县2010年1月～2012年12月活产新生儿21 491例作为研究对象,对其进行回顾性分析.结果 梅县活产新生儿男女比例为1.11：1;住院新生儿2108例,新生儿患病住院率9.81％;早产儿占全县活产新生儿的4.47％,占住院新生儿的45.59％;发病率最高的疾病前五位分别是病理性黄疸、肺炎、早产儿、新生儿窒息、缺氧缺血性脑病;足月儿的病理性黄疸中,晚期足月儿的住院病例数比早期足月儿高;先天性心脏病的发病率0.62％;从转归看,住院新生儿疾病的治愈率58.11％,好转率在29.98％,自动出院率为8.44％,病死率3.46％;全县新生儿死亡率0.34％,死亡原因排第一位的是新生儿窒息.结论 在梅县地区活产新生儿中,新生儿患病住院率为9.81％,其中住院新生儿中早产儿的比重较高;社会群众对新生儿黄疸病理认识不够,足月儿病理性黄疸较多延迟就医;新生儿窒息是新生儿死亡第一原因,应加强基层医疗机构新生儿窒息新法复苏技术的学习推广.

Objective To explore the epidemiology of neonate of Meixian area in Guangdong province,which mainly involve disease spectrum and prognosis.Methods 21 491 live neonates from JanumT 2010 to December 2012 in Meixi- an area were selected as research object and retrospectively analyzed.Results The male/female ratio was 1.11 ： 1 in live neonates.2108 cases of hospitalized neonates,the hospitalization rate of sick neonates was 9.81%.The premature infants accounted for 4.47% among all live neonates,and 45.59% in hospitalized neonates.The top 5 diseases with high inci- dences were pathologic jaundice,pneumonia,premature,neonatal asphyxia,and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.ln pathologic jaundice of term infants,the number of hospitalized term infants at advanced stage was higher than that of the early stage term infants.The incidence of congenital heart disease was 0.62%.In aspect of prognosis,the cure rate, improvement rate,rate of discharge without medical advice,and fatality rate in inpatient neonates was 58.11%,29.98%, 8.44%,and 3.46% respectively.The neonatal mortality rate in Meixian was 0.34% and the neonatal asphyxia was in top first for cause of death.Conclusion The hospitalization rate of sick neonates was 9.81% among live neonates in Meixi- an area.The premature infants account for a larger proportion among hospitalized neonates.There are a large number of term infants with pathologic jaundice delayed for seeing doctors due to little knowledge of pathology of neonatal jaun- dice by social masses.The asphyxia is the first cause of neonatal death,and the novel resuscitation techniques of neona- tal asphyxia should be promoted and strengthened in primary health care organizations.