陆气相互作用对中尺度对流系统影响的研究进展

Effect of Land-Atmosphere Interaction on the Process of Mesoscale System

文章回顾了大气对地表性质的敏感性研究,以及陆气相互作用对中尺度天气过程的影响.说明了地表性质与积云对流及对流降水之间的联系。地表性质的改变对行星边界层的热通量、水汽通量、对流有效位能产生影响,并通过湍流的垂直输送,进而影响到其上大气的性质。陆气之间存在着复杂的、非线性的相互作用。性质不均匀的下垫面造成地表向大气感热通量和潜热通量的差异,从而在近地层大气中形成温度和气压梯度,产生局地环流,在条件适合的情况下可以形成对流。并产生降水,而降水的不均匀分布,又维持了下垫面的不均匀性。土壤湿度对对流的影响受到多个因素的制约,其中天气尺度过程的影响是很显著的;由非均匀的下垫面所产生的局地环流能够触发积云对流。

This paper has a comprehensive review on researches of the sensitivity of atmosphere to the surface properties and the impact of land atmosphere interaction on the process of mesoscale systems demonstrating the links between surface properties and cumulus convective rainfall. Changes in surface properties influence the heat flux, moisture flux and the convective available potential energy within the planetary boundary layer and the nature of atmosphere is affected through the turbulent vertical transportation. The interaction between the land and atmosphere is very complex and nonlinear. The difference of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux in the atmosphere caused by heterogeneous underlying surface can generate the pressure and temperature gradient and local circulation which can initiate convection and precipitation in suitable conditions. And the heterogeneous distribution of precipitation can in turn aggravate the heterogeneity of the underlying surface. The influence of soil moisture on convection is restricted by various factors including the significant influence of synoptic scale process. The cumulus convection can be triggered by the local circulation which is generat