从跨越“贫困陷阱”到跨越“中等收入陷阱”--略论国情对中国经济发展道路的影响

From Across "Poverty Trap" to Across "Middle-income Trap" ——National Conditions' Impact on China's Economic Development Path

新中国64年的历史,既是从一个"一穷二白"的农业大国走向"小康社会"的工业大国的过程,也是一个从新民主主义进入社会主义、再进入中国特色社会主义的历史过程。其间历史悠久、人口多、人均资源少、多民族、发展不平衡、工业化尚未实现以及党的领导和大国等基本国情,对于中国发展道路的形成和转变起到了最根本的作用。所谓实事求是、一切从实际出发,就是从国情出发。而在这个长时段中,随着中国的经济发展和制度变迁,国情实际上也在或多或少地发生着变化,国情的"变"与"不变"成为影响经济体制变革和制定发展方针政策的重要因素,从而使得中国的经济发展和制度变迁以及指导思想呈现出明显的阶段性特征。

64 years＇ history of new China is not only a process developing from a ＂poor and blank＂ agricultural country to a ＂well-off society＂ industrial country, hut also a historical process from new democracy to socialist, and then to the socialist with Chinese characteristics. The basic national conditions of the long history, huge pop- ulation, little resources per capita, multi-ethnic, unbalanced development, unachieved industrialization, the CPC＇ s leadership, great power and so on play fundamental roles for the formation and transformation of China＇ s development path. The so-called seeking truth from the facts and starting from the reality are from the national conditions. And in this long period of time, in fact national conditions have been more or less changing along with China＇ s economic development and institutional change. National conditions＇ ＂change＂ and ＂not change＂ have become important factors of affecting economic system change and formulating development policy, which makes China＇ s economic development, institutional change and the guiding ideology show significant stage characteristics.