社会正义论纲

A Program of Social Justice

"正义"是一个非常复杂的观念,它起码有四种涵义,即个人正义、共同体的正义、社会正义和全球正义。在这四种正义观念中,对我们最重要的是社会正义。社会正义是以制度的方式来确认公民的权利和义务,分配由国家支配的资源、机会和利益。因此我们可以把社会正义分为两个部分,一个是政治正义,它们被用来确定公民的权利和义务,一个是分配正义,它们被用来分配资源、机会和利益。政治正义由法治、权利和民主等因素组成,它们构成了国家的政治和法律制度;分配正义的原则是平等、需要和应得,而它们支配了国家的经济和社会制度。

＂Justice＂ is a very complex idea. It at least has four meanings： Justice of individual, justice of community, social justice and global justice. In these meanings, social justice is most important for us. Social justice affirms the rights and the duties of citizens in form of systems, and distributes resources, opportunities and goods. We may divide social justice into two parts. One is political justice, which affirms the rights and the duties of citizens. Another is distributive justice, which distributes resources, opportunities and goods. Political justice is constituted by rule of law, rights and democracy, while the principles of distributive justice are equality, need and desert.