论福建科举在明代的领先地位及其成因

The Leading Position of Fujian Province on the Imperial Examination in Ming Dynasty and its Causes

福建进士数虽由宋代全国第一下降为明代第五,但明代福建仍为科举大省,在诸多方面,处于全国领先地位。如其人均进士数、人均一甲进士数和人均庶吉士数,皆为全国第一;莆田、晋江二县进士数稳居全国冠、亚,晋江、闽县、莆田三县的人均进士数更是包揽全国冠、亚、季。此外,福建的人均进士家族数不仅居全国榜首,而且还产生了明代唯一的延续二百多年的七代进士家族。所有这些,既是明代福建拥有强大科举实力与竞争力的集中表现,又与其深厚的科举积淀、浓厚的科举氛围、显著发展的经济、发达的教育文化以及家族制度等有着直接关系。

Though the number of jinshi from Fujian province had declined from the first in Song dynasty to the fifth in Ming dynasty , Fujian was still a big province on Imperial Examination and was in the leading position on some items , such as the number of jinshi , the top three jinshi and the Hanlin Bachelors per ca- pita. What＇s more , the number of jinshi from Putian and Jinjiang , two towns of Fujian , even got the first and the second place all over the country. Meanwhile , the number of jinshi per capita of Jinjiang , Minxian and Putian took the first three place of the country. Besides , Fujian＇s jinshi families per capita also ranked the first , and the only seven-generations jinshi family in Ming dynasty , which lasted for more than 200 years , also came from Fujian. All these stemmed from the deep accumulation , the dense atmosphere , the point- edly developed economy , the superb education and culture , as well as the perfect family institution. In short , they were the results of Fujian＇s competitiveness on Imperial Examination.