云锦杜鹃成花逆转研究

Observations on Flowering Reversion of Rhododendron fortunei

成花逆转是植物从生殖生长状态逆向转变为营养生长,是植物生长发育过程中的特殊现象。云锦杜鹃(Rhododendron fortunei),其花芽发育早期有高比例的成花逆转,主要是花序逆转,即在花器官分化前,花芽的发育中断并提前爆芽,形成只有叶片的营养短枝,少量花逆转。研究结果表明:幼树的爆芽率很高,尤其是低海拔地区栽种,爆芽率为16.82%,显著高于自然条件的10.42%;成株的爆芽率较低,自然条件下只有4.17%,单纯的去幼果可以提高花芽的发生率,但不增加爆芽率,结合施肥,爆芽率也显著增加,达到9.09%,说明个体的年龄、栽培的气候条件和个体的营养状况是诱发爆芽的主要原因,其中营养物质很可能是过量积累。

Observations were conducted on flowering reversion of young and adult Rhododendron fortunei in Tiantai, Zhejiang province. The result demonstrated high proportion of flowering reversion in the early development of floral buds of Rh. fortune i, with the inflorescence reversion being the mainly type. Statistics analysis showed the exploded buds rate of young trees, especially of that planted in the low-altitude（16.82%） was higher than that in the natural conditions （10.42%）. The exploded rate of adult trees was only 4.17% under the natural condition. Removal of young fruits （unfertilizred） could significantly increase the occurrence rates of floral bud （from 48.9% to 54.6%）, exploded rate was not significant. But when the adult trees were fertilized, removal of young fruits would increase exploded rate to 9.09%. The observations resulted that age, climate and nutritional status of each tree were major factors of the explosion bud. And the nutrients may be excessive accumulated.