我国归因于精神活性物质所致精神和行为障碍的残疾现况调查

Distribution of disability attributable to mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance in China:data of the Second National Sampling Survey on Disability

目的:分析我国归因于精神活性物质所致精神和行为障碍的残疾率及其分布特征,为制定残疾康复相关的政策和防治措施提供依据。方法:采用描述性流行病学方法对2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查数据进行分析,比较我国归因于精神活性物质所致精神和行为障碍的残疾率及其人群和地区分布特征和危害程度。结果:归因于精神活性物质所致精神和行为障碍的残疾率为17/10万(419/2 526 145),其中男性残疾率是女性的15.5倍,离婚者是在婚者的7.1倍,无工作者是有工作者的1.8倍,文盲是高中及以上受教育程度的3.7倍。归因于精神活性物质所致精神和行为障碍的残疾率居前5位的省份依次为广东(63/10万)、云南(52/10万)、浙江(37/10万)、四川(34/10万)和贵州(30/10万)。归因于精神活性物质所致精神和行为障碍的残疾者中一、二、三、四级精神残疾构成比分别占5.0%、9.2%、11.5%和74.2%。单一残疾者共357人,在承担家庭责任、完成日常工作和家务劳动等生活活动方面有重度和极重度功能损害者占33.3%。结论:归因于精神活性物质所致精神和行为障碍的残疾率有人群和地区分布差异。归因于精神活性物质所致精神和行为障碍的残疾者各种功能中生活活动功能损害最严重。

Objective：In order to provide evidence for making strategy and measurement related to disability rehabilitation,prevalence of disability attributable to mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance and its distribution in China were analyzed.Methods：Using descriptive epidemiological method,the data of the Second National Sampling Survey on Disability in 2006 were analyzed to show prevalence rate of disability attributable to mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance and its distribution by population and region,and severity of the disability.Results：The prevalence rate of disability attributable to mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance was 0.17‰ （419/2 526 145）.The prevalence rate in male was 15.5 times higher than that in female.The prevalence rate in the divorced was 7.1 times higher than that in the married.The prevalence rate in the unemployed was 1.8 times higher than that in the employed.The prevalence rate in the illiterate was 3.7 times higher than that in high school and higher education level.Concerning prevalence of disability attributable to mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance in different provinces,the top five provinces were Guangdong （0.63‰）,Yunnan （0.52‰）,Zhejiang （0.37‰）,Sichuan （0.34‰） and Guizhou （0.30‰）,respectively.Among the disabled attributable to mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance,proportions of mild,moderate,severe and extremely severe of psychiatric disability accounted for 74.2%,11.5%,9.2% and 5.0%,respectively.There were 357 disabled people without multiple disabilities,of 33.3% had severe and extremely severe impairments in function of daily activities.Conclusion：Prevalence rates of disability attributable to mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance vary greatly in population and regions.The disabled may have the severest impairments in daily activities among all kinds of function.