南京国民政府时期农村合作事业与农村经济——以河南省为个案的考察

Rural Cooperative Organizations and Rural Economy in the Period of Nanjing National Government:A Case Study of Henan Province

20世纪30年代,中国农村经济衰微。为了挽救农村危机,合作运动应运而生。河南合作事业在政府的主导下,采取优先推广策略,形成了以陇海、平汉交叉的"十"字型布局,离铁路沿线越近,合作社分布越密集,越远则越少。随着合作贷款的下发,对于缓解农村金融、维持农民生活、促进农业发展方面起到了积极的推动作用,一定程度上促进了农村经济的缓慢发展。虽然合作事业在推行中存在许多问题,但毕竟开启了政府救济农村的进程,这对于当时内忧外患的国民政府来说,是值得肯定的。

When rural economy declined in 1930s, in order to save the crisis in rural areas, cooperative movement emerged as required. Henan cooperation, under the supervision of the government of Henan Province, had taken priority in the promotion strategy and formed a cross-shaped layout of Longhai and Pinghan railways. The cooperative distributions were more intensive when closer to the railway and vice versa. With the cooperation of loans issued, this movement had played a positive role in relieving rural financial depletion, maintaining the life of farmers and promoting agricultural development and promoted the slow development of rural economy to a certain extent. Although there were many problems in the implementation of cooperative enterprises, but after all, it started the process of government aid for rural economy, which was worth affirmation for the national government under domestic trouble and foreign invasion.