论约翰·巴勒斯辩证的自然散文观

On John Burroughs' Dialectical Concepts of Natural Prose

约翰·巴勒斯是美国著名的博物学家、自然散文作家兼批评家,他在基本的散文观以及自然散文观方面都有独到的建树。他阐述的一些普通文学理念,实际上也是他基本的散文观。更为重要的是,他阐明了自然散文体裁的必要性和可行性,并为自然散文确立了文学性、科学性、教育性三条规范。他倡导的观察大自然的理念,把敏锐的自然科学观察与融入型的生态审美欣赏相结合。这些不乏辩证性的散文观是美国散文理论的奇葩,更是美国自然散文健康发展和持续繁荣的坚实基础。随着生态思潮的日益壮大,巴勒斯的散文观将会对未来全球的自然散文创作产生积极影响。

A famous American naturalist, nature essay writer and critic, John Burroughs made unique contri- butions in terms of concepts of nature writing and basic concepts of literary non-fiction. The general literary ideas that he elaborated, actually represent his basic concepts of literary non-fiction, what＇s more, he illuminated the necessity and feasibility of the genre of nature essays, and established three norms for nature essays, that is, liter- ary norm, scientific norm and edifying norm. The concepts of seeing nature he advocated combine acute observa- tion in natural science and engaged appreciation of ecological aesthetics. All of these concepts in literary non-fic- tion, which are dialectical in a sense, are the rare flowers of American theories of literary non-fiction, and, more significantly, the solid foundation for the healthy development and the continuous prosperity of American nature essays. With the ever-increasing momentum of the ecological trend of thought, John Burroughs＇ s concepts of liter- ary non-fiction will exert positive influence on the future composition of the global nature essays.