嘉兴市农村腹泻病卫生干预措施效果调查

Study on the Effect of Hygiene Intervention Measures on Diarrheal Diseases in the Rural Areas of Jiaxing City

目的了解嘉兴市农村饮水、环境卫生等腹泻病干预措施现状,为制定卫生政策提供科学依据。方法选择海盐县6个村为调查点,按照统一制定的调查表,一年四次入户调查农村居民改水、改厕情况、投入成本、人群卫生习惯、季腹泻病季发病情况等。结果现场调查742户居民改水率、改厕率和改水改厕率分别为66.71%、80.05%和53.50%;改水改厕和单改厕村腹泻病发病率均低于未改水改厕村(χ2=6.03和3.69,P均<0.05);桶装水饮用率19.14%,与腹泻病发病率呈负相关(r=-0.816,P<0.05)。结论控制腹泻病需加快推进改水改厕,加强卫生知识宣教。

Objective To investigate the current situation of drinking water,environmental sanitation and other intervention measures for control of diarrheal diseases in the rural areas of Jiaxing City,and provide scientific evidence for developing health policies.Methods According to united questionnaires,household interviews were carried out for surveying water and toilets renovation,input costs,public hygienic habits and the incidence of diarrheal disease in 6 administrative villages of Haiyan County four times a year.Results Seven hundred and forty-two households were investigated,and the rates of water renovation,toilet renovation,water and toilet renovation were 66.71％,80.05 ％,and 53.50 ％,respectively.The incidence rates of diarrheal disease in water and toilet renovation villages and toilet renovation villages were both lower than that of non-innovated villages （x2 =6.03,x2 =3.69,both P ＜ 0.05）.There was a negative correlation between the rate of drinking bottled water （19.14 ％） and the incidence rate of diarrheal disease （r =-0.816,P ＜ 0.05）.Conclusions The measures accelerating water and toilet renovation in the rural areas and enhancing the related health education and training should be taken to control diarrheal diseases.