《诗经》对中国人的影响和中文学的熏沐

The Impact of Book of Songs on the Chinese People and Its Influence on the Chinese Literature

《诗经》不仅是我国最早的诗歌总集,也是中国文学的奠基石与第一座里程碑,更以其特有的思想、文化意蕴为后世中国文学艺术确立了一种纪元般的范式:"风"蕴含的生活之"真","雅"昭告的典范之"美","颂"彰显的伦理之"善",均被后代的统治者用作教化人心、改善民风的圭臬。诗虽有"六义",但真正对社会的发展和人性的向善起到关键作用的是"美刺比兴",此由白居易身体力行,后代作家和学者又将其发扬光大。历时地考察各个朝代对"美刺比兴"的接受,正是汉斯·罗伯特·姚斯所谓"垂直接受"方法在"诗经学"研究中的一种合理运用,而在对每个历史时期以及具体的接受者进行考量时,则需要对其中的历史时间和这位接受者所处的社会空间加以辩析,这又是曼弗雷德·瑙曼提出"接受约束"概念时所关注的问题,他的研究方法同样值得借鉴。本文拟从社会学、政治学、伦理学等角度出发,对《诗经》施加于后世文学的影响进行剖析,再结合当下社会的发展要旨给予综合评说,以期为传统文化的递嬗承接提供参照,为中华民族的伟大复兴献策助力。

Book of Songs is not only the first collection of the Chinese poetry, but also a cornerstone of the Chinese literature and the first milestone. What＇ s more, it has established an era - like paradigm with its unique ideas and cultural implication for the following Chinese literature and art. The ＂truth＂ in life inhered in the ＂folk songs＂, the ＂beauty＂ of a model implied in the ＂festal songs＂, the ethical ＂ virtue＂ highlighted in the ＂ eulo- gies＂, were applied by the following rulers to enlighten the people and to upgrade the social morals. Although the poem is embodied with ＂six kinds of righteousness＂ , what really develops the society and enhances human goodness is the ＂irony and analogy＂. This was demonstrated by Bai Juyi personally, and developed and popular- ized by the following writers and scholars. To examine the acceptability of ＂irony and analogy＂ in different dy- nasties, Hans Robert Jauss used the method of ＂vertical acceptance＂. The reasonable application of this method is described in Book of Songs. When the examination was conducted in each historical period for specific recipi- ents, an analytical discrimination should be made of the specific period in history and the social space in which the recipients existed. This is also a problem concerned by Manfred Nauman in his concept of ＂bound accept- ance＂. Nauman＇ s research method is also worth attention. The present paper intends to conduct an analysis of the impact from Book of Songs on the later Chinese literature based on sociology, political science, ethics and other points of view, and present a comprehensive review in line with the development of current society, so as to provide certain reference for the evolutionary inheritance of the traditional culture and suggestions for the rejuve- nation of the Chinese nation.