干旱灾害的跨文化比较研究——以非洲干旱与云南干旱的比较研究为例

A Cross-cultural Comparison of Drought and Anti-drought Measures in Africa and in Yunnan of China

本文对非洲部分地区,如肯尼亚卡加多(Kajado)、图尔卡纳(Turkana)以及埃塞俄比亚莫西(Nursi)等地区与云南省楚雄州傈僳族地区、玉溪市彝族地区的干旱灾害进行了跨文化比较研究,认为由干旱灾害所导致的次生灾害在非洲和云南并不一样,不同地区、不同民族对于干旱灾害的应对方式具有差异性和共同性的特点,这些特点与当地政治、经济、社会和文化有着密切的联系。非洲干旱灾害的应对方式以市场为基础,解决牧场、水资源、食品等生存问题,云南应对方式则以政府为中心,解决人畜饮水、生产农用水和工业用水问题。通过对非洲部分地区和云南乡村干旱灾害的跨文化比较研究,笔者认为一个地区的干旱灾害应对方式和经验对于其他灾区具有一定的启发意义。

The paper gives a cross-cultural comparison of drought between some areas in Africa like Kajado and Turkana in Kenya and Nursi in Ethiopia and some Lisu-inhabited areas in Chuxiong Prefecture in Yunnan Province of China. The results show that the sub-disasters of drought are different in Africa and Yunnan of China due to different anti-drought measures of different ethnic groups in dif- ferent areas which are related closely with the local politics, economy, society and culture. The anti- drought measures in Africa like the supply of in Yunnan of China are government-oriented. will shed some light on each other. food and water are mainly market-oriented while those The different anti-drought measures in different areas