从竞技蹦床比赛规则的演变探究其技术动作的发展动向

Evolution of Competitive Trampoline Rules and Its Technical Tendencies

运用文献资料法、综合分析法、专家访谈法,从竞技蹦床的规则变化为出发点,归纳分析不同周期竞技蹦床规则中对技术动作要求的变化,从中探究技术动作的发展动向,结果表明:(1)不同奥运周期比赛规则对动作难度要求的变化,主要体现在同一难度动作难度分值的增加和难度动作储备数量要求的进一步提高;(2)蹦床器材的变化,网面弹性变大,有利于腾空高度的发展,但对身体的控制、成套动作的编排及动作之间的衔接提出更高的要求;(3)新规则加入"高度时间"评定因素,打破原有规则难度和完成质量双重因素决定竞技能力的格局,这就要求处理好三维因素之间的关系,即在稳定的前提下,更高腾空高度完成更难的难度动作,对完成质量的影响降低到最低,以便取得成绩的最大化;(4)落网位移、部位技术动作规格要求的提高、半决赛赛制的增加对蹦床项目的可持续发展指明方向;(5)训练中把握项目制胜规律,掌握先进训练方法,"稳"中求进,注重创新才可以保持项目优势,便于形成有利格局。

Starting from the evolution of competitive trampoline rules, this article examines changes in the requirements of the rules on techniques in different Olympic cycles, aiming to grasp the developing direction of techniques. The results indicate that ： （ 1 ） the changes mainly exist in the increase of difficulty values, thus demanding a larger difficulty element reserve; （2） more elasticity of the webbed bed means more height in the air, but it also means higher demand for body control, routine choreography and transition between elements ; （ 3 ） ＇ time of flight＇ is added to the new rules as an evaluation element, breaking the original pattern in which difficulty and execution decided competitiveness, and requiring a good handling of the relationships among the three-with consistency guaranteed, maximizing the score with more height, more difficulty and best execution; （4） higher requirements on displace- ment and body positions and addition of semi-finals are a road sign for sustainable development of trampoline ; （5） only by grasping the laws for winning and sophisticated training methods, and only by seeking difficulty on the basis of consistency can strengths of an event stand out and help bring about victory.