从词汇比较看白马语内部的方言差异——兼论语言身份识别的方法

An Exploration into the Internal Differences of Baima Language by Vocabulary Comparison——Also on Method of Language Identification

白马人的语言地位一直存在争议。本文以白马语词汇差异为切入点,通过比较研究,较详细地揭示了白马语各方言土语差异的状况,并以此为依据,讨论了白马语划分方言土语在词汇上的主要依据,并对白马语方言土语的历史层次进行了初步的分析。语言地位的确认在国内外有很大的差异,文章根据白马语的方言划分的讨论,主张应该将社会历史、政治与语言结构差异相结合的方法来进行语言身份的识别。文章还联系到国际上语言沟通度区分语言和方言界限的方法,讨论了那种方法的缺陷和不合理性。

Language recognition of Baima people has always been controversial. Based on the vocabulary differenees of Baima language, this paper specifically reveals the internal dialect differences and discusses the main basis of vocabulary dialect division by looking into the language＇s historical layeers and evolution approach. Language recognition faces very different challenges in comparison between China and other countries. The author argues that the combination of social history,political and language structure should all be applied to identity language status. This paper also introduces ＂communication scale＂ that prevails in the international linguistic community which may distingnish language trnm dialect. The author points out that this communication scale has its flaw and irrationality.