贵阳市农民工社会救助体系研究

Construction of Guiyang City's Social Assistance System for Migrant Workers

贵阳市既是农民工的重要输出地,又是农民工的重要务工地。采用问卷调查和深度访谈相结合的形式,就政府公共服务满意度、用工方式和社会保障、工作间隔和现实救助、社会救助意愿等状况,对贵阳市七城区涵盖环卫、建筑、装修、餐饮服务、小摊贩、背篼群体等各行业500名农民工进行访问。结果表明:大多数农民工对政府提供的公共服务还不太满意,政府对农民工群体的公共服务还存有很大不足;农民工以非正式签订劳动合同用工方式为主,维权意识淡薄,社会保障残缺不全;容易失业,失业期间政府救助缺失;现有救助方式简单、粗放,缺乏系统性,救助内容供需错位和脱节。建议构建以就业援助为中心,以医疗救助和生存救助为基本点,以法律援助、子女教育援助和心理危机干预为补充的农民工社会救助体系,完善对农民工群体的社会保障服务。

A huge social group of migrant workers, as a special phenomenon in the period of China transformation, has emerged in Guiyang city of Guizhou Province, which is situated in the western region of China and is the rallying point of migrant workers. The social security situation of migrant workers in Guiyang was investigated and analyzed. The result showed that the public service for the Guiyang migrant workers was supplied insufficiently; the social security was poor; and there was a shortage of government assistance, etc. A suggestion was made： the social assistance system for the Guiyang migrant workers be established, which takes employment assistance as center, medical and survival assistance as basic means, and legal aids, children education support and psychological crisis intervention as supplement.