规模扩大能否带来要素投入节约?——以江苏农户水稻为例

Can Increase Planting Scale Bring the Savings of Input Factors? ——Example of rice peasant households in jiangsu province

基于面积与投入要素替代关系视角,使用2010年度全国农村固定观察点江苏农户水稻投入产出数据,通过超越对数生产函数实证水稻生产要素投入与种植面积的替代弹性。研究表明:江苏省水稻以小规模种植为主,水稻生产过程中耕地产出弹性最高,化肥与农药次之,而稻种产出弹性为负;生产要素的边际产出按耕地、农药、化肥和稻种依次下降;化肥、农药、稻种费与面积的替代弹性显著,水稻种植面积扩大可有效地降低化肥、农药和稻种投入费用。采用0.1分位数的样本内模拟法,模拟出农户水稻规模增加1倍,按替代弹性削减的新旧成本差额约在35元/亩左右,但这无法完全抵消掉土地租赁费用,而只能在一定程度上减少农户规模经营的总成本支出。

Based on the substitute perspective of land scale and input facturs cost, used the input ＆. output data of Jiangsu province about National Rural Fixed Observation Point Database in 2010, empirical analyze the substitute elasticity of farmer＇s land size and input factors cost by transdog production function. The result indicated that： The majority of farmer＇s rice planting areas were small scale in Jiangsu. The rice outputs elasticity of land size was supreme, the fertilizer and pesticide followed, but the outputs elasticity of seeds was negative. The marginal output of land, pesti- cide, fertilizer and seeds were gradually declining. The substitute elasticity of fertilizer, pesticide and seeds for land size was significantly, showed that the expanded of farmer＇s planting scale can effective reduce rice input cost of fertilizer, and pesticide and seeds, Used the mothod of 0.1 sam pie quantiles, to simulate the rice size incresed I times, the different of cost almost ,35 yuan/mu according by the elasticity of substitution, but this figure can not fully offset the the cost of land leasing, only can reduce the total cost expenditure o[ farmer planting rice to a certain extent.