成纤维细胞激活蛋白α与肿瘤发展进程的研究

The research on the development process of tumours and fibroblast activation protein-α

肿瘤微环境对肿瘤的发生、发展具有重要的意义。选择性表达于肿瘤微环境重要组成部分——肿瘤相关成纤维细胞(carcinoma associated fibroblasts,CAFs)表面的成纤维细胞激活蛋白α(fibroblast activation protein-α,FAPα)广泛参与了肿瘤的生长、侵袭、转移以及肿瘤细胞外基质重建、血管生成、免疫逃逸等过程,从而促进了肿瘤的发展进程。FAPα具有蛋白水解酶活性,并作用于细胞信号通路,但FAPα在肿瘤微环境中发挥功能的具体分子机制还有待进一步研究。由于FAPα的表达具有肿瘤组织特异性,因此,以FAPα作为肿瘤基质标志物,对肿瘤进行病理诊断和免疫治疗将成为新兴的研究靶点。对FAPα的主要生物学性状进行概述,并综述了其对肿瘤细胞的生长、侵袭、转移以及肿瘤细胞外基质重建、血管生成、免疫逃逸等方面的重要影响。

Tumor microenvironment plays important roles in the tumor development. Fibroblast activation protein-α （FAPα） on the surface of carcinoma associated fibroblasts （CAFs） participates in many aspects as in the tumour cells growth, adhesion and invasion, the remodeling of extracellular matrix （ECM）, angiogenesises and immune suppression of the tumour cells, which quickens the development process of tumours. Studies have shown that FAPα features proteolytic enzyme activity and acts on the cell signaling pathway, but the functional specific molecular mechanisms of FAPα under the tumor microenvironment still needs research. Due to its tumor tissue specificity, overexpression of FAPα on CAFs and its special endopeptidase activity represent a potential target for diagnosis and treatment of various carcinomas, making it feasible to be applied in pathological diagnosis and immunological therapy. In this paper, main biological traits of FAPα and its effects on tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis, the reconstruction of extracellular matrix angiogenesis and immune escape were summarized.