一般自我效能、动机和同伴关系与高中生拒绝烟草行为技能的关系

Relationship of general self-efficacy,motivation and peer with refusal skills for no tobacco among adolescents

目的了解青少年自我效能、动机和同伴因素对拒绝烟草行为技能的影响。方法以百色市4所高中的641名学生（14～21岁）为调查对象，采用问卷调查方式评价青少年烟草使用动机、一般自我效能感和同伴因素、拒绝技能。结果青少年较多采用“拒绝”和“离开”策略（分别为77．69％和58．81％）。动机在“首次选择”和“再次选择”的“拒绝”策略中差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；“提升”和“社交”在“再次选择”的“离开”策略中差异均有统计学意义（3．129／0．002、2．011／0．045）。Logistic回归分析显示：一般自我效能在以“解释”策略（β=-0．078）和“离开”策略（β=-0．081）为因变量的回归方程中有统计学意义。“提升”和“应对动机”进入了“离开”策略为因变量的回归方程（p分别为-0．621，-0．303）。结论一般自我效能和动机能有效影响拒绝技能中“解释”和“离开”策略。

Objective To explore the prevalence of each of the refusal strategies （refuse, explain, leave） as they apply to tobacco offers and the relationship of self- efficacy, motivation and peer with tobacco refusal strategies. Methods A total of 641 students from four high schools in Baise cities, ranging in age between 14 and 21 years, filled the general self-efficacy scale, smoking motivation questionnaire, refusal strategies questionnaire and peer questionnaire. Results Adolescents were more likely to use the refuse （77.69%） and leave strategy （58.81%） for initial tobacco offers and follow-up tobacco offers. There were significant differences of self-efficacy scores in both refuse and leave strategy （ 7. 169/0. 000 and 7. 647/0. 000 ）. Significant differences of motivation were seen in refuse strategy for initial tobacco offers and for follow-up tobacco offers （P 〈 0.05）. Enhancement and social motivation showed significant differences in leave strategy for follow-up tobacco offers. The results of the logistic： regression showed that self-efficacy was significant variable that predicted the use of explain strategy （β = -0. 078） and the use of leave strategy （β = -0. 081 ） for both initial tobacco refusals and follow-up tobaccorefusals, while enhancement and coping motivation were significant for the use of leave strategy（β= - 0. 621and β= - 0. 303 ）. Conclusion There were significant effects of self-efficacy and motivation in effecting explain and leave strategies for tobacco refusals.