5.12地震灾区青少年心理弹性及其影响因素的纵向研究

Longitudinal study on adolescents' psychological resilience and its impact factors in 5.12 earthquake-hit areas

目的应用潜变量增长曲线模型探讨5.12地震灾区青少年心理弹性及影响因素的发展趋势,探讨灾区青少年心理弹性的保护性因素。方法用纵向设计方案,对极重灾区和轻灾区两所中学初中一年级学生进行一年的追踪研究,采用重复测量方差分析以及潜变量增长曲线模型进行统计分析。结果极重灾区青少年心理弹性始终低于轻灾区青少年心理弹性。心理弹性、客观支持在一年的时间内有上升趋势(P<0.05);自尊有下降的趋势(P<0.05);心理弹性的直接保护性因素为自尊和主观支持,间接保护因素有客观支持和支持利用度。男生心理弹性平均高于女生,但变化趋势无差异。结论青少年心理弹性具有动态变化特征;灾难后青少年心理弹性会降低,但可以通过增强内外保护因素而得以恢复。

Objective To explore the trajectory of psychological resilience and its impact factors of adolescents in earthquake-hit areas by latent variable growth curve model （LGM） and to find out protective factors for psychological resilience. Methods Longitudinal design was administrated. All grade one students in two junior high schools in the heavily and slightly earthquake-hit areas respectively were investigated by follow-up study in One year. Repeated measures analysis of variance and latent variable growth curve model were used for statistical analysis. Results The three-time measurements of psy- chological resilience of adolescents in the heavily earthquake-hit areas were significantly lower than corresponding measurements of the slightly earthquake-hit areas all along. There was an ascending trend of adolescent＇s psychological resilience and objective support over one year （P 〈0.05）, while a descending trend of self-esteem （P 〈0.05）. The directly protective factors of resilience were self-esteem and subjective support and indirectly protective factors were objective support and utilization of social support. The psychological resilience of boys was higher than that of girl, but the change trend of psychological resilience was no difference between boys and girls. Conclusion Psychological resilience of adolescents had dynamic characteristics. Psychologicalresilience of adolescents would be damaged in disasters but it could be recovered through enhance internal and external protective factors.