焦虑情绪对图像信息意识提取和无意识提取影响的实验研究

The Experimental Research on the Influence of Anxiety on Conscious Retrieval and Unconscious Retrieval of Image Information

采用加工分离程序,以不同效价图片为实验材料,考察了特质焦虑、启动焦虑和非焦虑三种焦虑类型对图片信息意识提取和无意识提取的影响,结果表明:(1)不同焦虑类型对图像信息的意识提取和无意识提取均有影响,其中特质焦虑对图像的无意识提取更敏感,非焦虑状态对意识提取更敏感;(2)特质焦虑明显促进了负性图片的意识和无意识提取且干扰了正性图片的提取,启动焦虑促进了对负性图片的意识提取。

The goal of the present study was to examine the influence of trait anxiety, priming anxiety and no anxiety on conscious retrieval and unconscious retrieval. This study also tried to explore the psychological mechanism that the memory bias about image information varied with anxieties. By Trait Anxiety Questionnaire of State-trait Anxiety Inventory （STAI）, we chose 20 trait anxiety subjects and 40 non anxiety subjects who were divided into priming anxiety group and control group. The experiment materials were 60 positive pictures, 60 negative pictures and 60 neutral pictures. Contribution rates of conscious retrieval and unconscious retrieval were assessed by the PDP Procedure put forward by Gruppuso, and so on. The results showed that： （1） Whether in unconscious retrieval or in conscious retrieval, the memory scores of the trait anxiety group on negative pictures were better than ones on positive pictures and neutral pictures, while the memory scores of the priming anxiety group on negative pictures were a little better than ones on positive pictures only in unconscious retrieval. （2）The unconscious retrieval scores of the trait anxiety group were much better than their conscious retrieval scores on negative pictures, while the unconscious retrieval scores of the priming anxiety group and the control group on negative pictures were slightly better than their conscious retrieval scores. We found no significant difference between the unconscious retrieval scores and conscious ones of the priming anxiety group and the control group on any kind of pictures. （3） The conscious retrieval scores of the trait anxiety group were slightly better than the priming anxiety group and higher than the control group on negative pictures, while the scores of the priming anxiety group were slightly better than the control group; the conscious retrieval scores of the trait anxiety group were lower than the priming anxiety group and the control group on positive pictures, while the scores of the priming anxiety group were slightly lower than the control group. （4） The unconscious retrieval scores of the trait anxiety group were better than the priming anxiety group and the control group on negative pictures and neutral pictures, while the scores of the control group were slightly better than the trait anxiety group and the priming anxiety group. Our conclusion are as follows： （1） Whereas anxiety has some impact on conscious retrieval and unconscious retrieval of image information, unconscious retrieval is most sensitive to trait anxiety and conscious retrieval is most sensitive to no anxiety. （2） The unconscious retrieval of negative pictures is closely related with trait anxiety and little with priming anxiety and no anxiety. （3）While trait anxiety obviously promotes conscious retrieval and unconscious retrieval of negative pictures but hinders retrieval of positive pictures, priming anxiety promotes conscious retrieval of negative pictures.