群体规模与领导对群体组织公民行为的影响

Group Size,Leadership,and Group Organizational Citizenship Behavior

以37个工作群体中的501位员工为对象,探讨群体规模与领导行为对群体组织公民行为的影响。运用多层验证性因子分析技术对调查数据进行了检验,并在此基础上进行了最优尺度回归和偏最小二乘回归分析。结果表明,群体规模越大,群体组织公民行为的水平越低。领导的个人品德和团队维系行为对群体组织公民行为具有显著的正向影响作用,而领导的工作绩效行为对群体组织公民行为的影响作用不显著。

As the pressures deriving from the need to develop new business models in dynamic, uncertain and complex environments and the need for innovation are increasing, many organizations find the use of groups efficient and productive. One type of behavior that may contribute to the effectiveness of groups is the group organizational citizenship behaviors （GOCB）. With respect to understanding GOCB in organizational settings, work - group size is a crucial factor. Many studies have also demonstrated that individual organizational citizenship behaviors are strongly related to leadership. In general, the group orientation at work is emphasized in collectivist cultures. China has historically been regarded as a case of collectivism. Therefore, GOCB is likely to be fa- cilitated by Chinese culture. It seems that investigating the influence of group size and leadership on GOCB is a natural step to take.. GOCB and leadership are targeted as group phenomena, and should preferably be measured at that level. Based on the referent- shift consensus model, the GOCB and leadership scale was employedin the survey. Data were collected from a survey of 501 employees of 37 organizations in China's Mainland. The hypotheses identified the group as the unit of analysis, so ＇all variables were aggregates of individual responses to the group level analysis. Justifications for the aggregation were provided by the demonstration of agreement within settings rather than differences across groups. A well established procedure to assess the factor structure of a scale at muhiple levels of analysis is the muhi - level con- firmatory factor analysis, which was applied to the data for COCB and leadership. Results showed that the factor loadings of the items were stronger at the between - settings than the within - settings level.. These findings indicate that GOCB and leadership can be ana- lyzed at the group level. After fitting the multi - level confirmatory factor analysis model, research hypotheses were tested at the group level. Results from the sample confirmed the negative relationship between group size and GOCB （p 〈 . 001 ） and positive relationship between C and M di- mensions of CPM model and GOCB （p 〈 . 001 ）. There was no significant link between P dimension of the CPM model and GOCB （p 〉 .05）. With the increases in group size, the psychological distance between individuals can increase. Less exhibition of GOCBwould be expected as the psychological distance between groupmembers increases. Chinese culture focuses on moral leadership. C dimension of the CPM model implies considerable moral standing on the part of the leader. Without this, it is difficult to conceive how followers could be morally motivated. Generally speaking, Chinese leaders are perceived more people - oriented than task - orientated. This could be the reason for the M＇s positive effects on GOCB and P＇s weak influence on GOCB.