产业转移与返乡务工人员的择业理性——以中原地区某县返乡打工妹为例

Industrial Transfer and the Village-Returned Female Labors' Choice of New Job

笔者基于中原地区一个县份的个案调查和分析,试图从工具合理性和价值合理性综合的视角来理解返乡打工妹在产业转移背景下的择业理性,进而把握产业转移与劳动力回流的内在关系。研究发现:依据就近就业的不同方式,现阶段产业转移催生了五类返乡打工妹,即原厂随迁型,返乡应聘型,就地应聘型,带动就业型,以及随夫返乡型;进一步的分析表明,返乡打工妹之所以选择就近就业,实际上基于一种"兼顾"的动机,即期望同时顾及个人发展与家庭生活;不过,多数返乡打工妹在选择就近就业后仍然存在来自"顾此失彼"的忧虑,即由于实际上不能兼顾个人发展与家庭生活的诸多要素而逐渐产生新的忧虑。文章最后的讨论指出,返乡打工妹具有较强的个人权利意识和家庭观念,但在生活规划性上仍不够充分,究其原因,既有自身条件的限制也有社会环境因素的抑制;由此,目前产业转移与劳动力回流的关系既存在互为促进的趋势,也存在一定的不确定性。

Based on the investigation and analysis of the cases of the village-returned female labors in a county located in the central plain, the author tries to learn their rational choice of career in the eastern industrial transfer, and grasps the relationship between the industrial transfer and the labors ' return. The study shows that the current industrial transfer resulted in five new types of returned female labors. Further analysis shows that the returned female workers have a sense of balance between personal development and family life. However, they still had a deep worry due to care for this and lose that in the choice among multiple elements of personal development and family life. Finally, the article points out, the returning migrant workers have a strong consciousness of in-dividual rights and a sense of family responsibility, but their life planning is still insufficient; thus, there are some uncertainties between industrial transfer and the return of labor.