地缘、利益、关系网络与三线工厂搬迁

Geopolitical Factors,Interests and Network:Factory relocation in the late stage of the Third Front Construction

本文以中部地区两个工厂为例,考察三线建设调整改造阶段工厂迁入城市的问题。研究发现,地缘、利益与关系网络是决定工厂搬迁的三个关键因素。国家政策使工厂向属地城市搬迁成为首选。职工群体的籍贯对工厂搬迁选址具有潜在影响。工厂与地方政府均根据自身利益最大化的准则选择行动策略。对工厂而言,地方政府的政策优惠力度是工厂决定是否迁入的关键性因素;对地方政府而言,是否能够促进地方经济发展,提供财税来源是其接纳或排斥工厂迁入的决策依据。当面临区域竞争与选择空间等不确定因素时,工厂与地方政府均通过"进京活动"的方式,动用私人关系网络影响上级领导决策,使搬迁朝向有利于自身的方向发展,强化了社会关系网络在三线工厂搬迁过程中的作用,弱化了市场机制的深层次推进。

Taking two factories in central China as examples,this study examines the relocation of factories from remote areas to cities during the adjustment stage of the Third Front Construction.It finds that geopolitical factors,interests and network are three critical factors determining factory relocation.According to national policy,the city nearest to the factory should be the factory's first choice when relocated.Factory workers' native places also have potential impact.Both factories and local governments select strategies based on the principle of self-interests maximization.For the factories,the preferential policy provided by the local government is the key factor shaping factories' relocation decision.For the local government,whether the factories could promote local economic development and boost fiscal income are the most important factors when considering the factories' relocation application.When faced with uncertain factors such as regional competition and alternative choices,both factories and local governments take the strategy of 'network operation in Beijing',which means both parties use personal networks in the central government to affect superior leadership's decision,making the relocation decision most beneficial to their own interests.This behavior pattern strengthens the role,of social network and weakens the market mechanism in factory relocation during the late stage of the Third Front Construction.