G20主要经济体的结构改革路径分析与比较

Comparison of the Structural Reform Paths of the Main G20 Countries

结构改革是G20的一个重要议题,是在2010年首尔峰会上提出和重点讨论的五个主题之一。结构改革涉及的政策范围主要包括产品市场监管、劳动力市场监管、税收、人力资本、金融监管和其他领域等六个方面。结构改革的政策承诺自首尔峰会后每年由成员国公布,且每年都会接受成员国和OECD的政策承诺执行情况互评。在承诺执行方面,产品市场监管和劳动力市场监管取得的进展最多,新兴市场经济体取得的进展大于发达国家经济体。中国的具体应对策略是,一方面要切实推动结构改革,促使结构改革朝着有利于中国经济增长的方向发展;另一方面要谨防他国施压,改变由OECD控制结构改革评估的状况。

Structural reform is an important discussion theme in the G20, and was one of the five discussion themes of the 2010 Seoul summit. Structural reform involves six policy fields： including product market regula- tion, labor market regulation, taxation, human capital, financial regulation, and other areas. Structural reform policy commitment execution results should be reported every year by members, and be evaluated by other G20 members and the OECD. In the execution of policy commitments, most progress focuses on product market reg- ulation and labor market regulation. Emerging market economies make more progress than developed econo- mies. For China, structural reform should be promoted to drive economic growth, and also, we should be on our guard against pressure from other countries.