生态系统生产总值核算:概念、核算方法与案例研究

Gross ecosystem product: concept,accounting framework and case study

生态系统产品与服务功能是人类生存与发展的基础。生态系统生产总值(GEP)可以定义为生态系统为人类福祉和经济社会可持续发展提供的产品与服务价值的总和,包括生产系统产品价值、生态调节服务价值和生态文化服务价值。生态系统生产总值核算的基本任务有3个,即核算生态系统产品与服务的功能量、确定生态系统产品与服务的价格、核算生态系统产品与服务的价值量。生态系统生产总值核算可以用于揭示生态系统为经济社会发展和人类福祉的贡献,分析区域之间的生态关联,评估生态保护成效和效益。以贵州省为例,探讨了生态系统生产总值核算的应用方法,评价了贵州省生态系统为贵州和其他地区人们福祉和支撑经济社会发展所提供的产品和服务及其经济价值总和。评价结果显示,贵州省2010年全省生态系统生产总价值为20013.46亿元,人均GEP 57526元,是当年该省国民生产总值和人均GDP的4.3倍。研究表明,生态系统生产总值的核算可以反映生态系统对经济社会发展的支撑作用,并为建立生态系统保护效益与成效的考核机制提供基础。

Ecosystem products and services are essentials for human survival and development. Gross ecosystem product （GEP） is defined as total values of ecosystem products and services for human welfare and sustainable development. GEP mainly refers to the total value of direct and indirect use values of ecosystem goods and services, including ecosystem provision value, ecological regulation services value and ecological culture services value. The purposes of GEP accounting are to analyze and evaluate the total of economic value supporting for human survival and well-being. There are three basic tasks in GEP accounting, including functional value accounting, figuring out prices and economic value accounting of the ecosystem products and services. Accounting of GEP can be used to reveal the ecosystem contributions to economic and social development and human welfare, analyze the ecological linkages between regions, and assess the effectiveness and benefit of ecosystem conservation. In this paper, GEP of Guizhou Province was accounted as a case study. The evaluation results showed that the GEP of Guizhou in 2010 was 200134.6 million Yuan, the GEP per capita was 57526 Yuan, which was 4.3 times that of the GDP and per capita GDP. The study suggested that, ecosystems played a great role in supporting economic and social development of Guizhou. GEP accounting provides an instrument to understand and assess efficiency and effectiveness of ecosystem protection management and restoration.