国际河流水资源开发模式对新疆伊犁河流域的启示

Revelation of Exploitation Pattern River Basin for the Ili of Water Resources in International River Basin in Xinjiang

伊犁河流域水资源不仅是中国与哈萨克斯坦社会经济发展的生命线，而且也是生态系统环境的命脉，如何协调伊犁河流域水资源，并对其进行合理的开发利用，获得互利共赢的结果，对流域内两国经济与生态安全具有重要的战略意义。对照当前典型国际河流特点及开发管理所面临的问题，探究伊犁河流域开发利用中存在的不足；通过分析国际河流开发的总量配置模式、项目合作开发模式和整体开发模式的优缺点，结合多个国际河流的开发案例，总结出适合伊犁河流域开发与管理的模式和机制：①加强流域规划研究，循序渐进地推进流域整体开发；②合理制定区域水资源开发利用强度，坚持适度开发；③严格控制灌溉面积，合理调控社会经济发展速度；④建立国际河流生态保护体系，积极寻求生态补偿。

Water resources in the Ili River Basin are not only the lifeline of social and economic development in both China and Kazakhstan, but also the lifeblood of the ecological environment. It is of an important strategic significance to the economic and ecological security in the riparian countries how to rational redistribute, exploit and utilize water resources in the Ili River Basin so as to achieve the mutual benefits and win-win results. In this paper, the current characteristics of water resources in the typical international river basins and the existing problems in management were analyzed, and the insufficiencies in the exploitation and utilization of water resources in the Ili River Basin were explored. After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the patterns of exploitation and uti- ｜ization of water resources in some international river basins, the pattern and system of exploiting and managing wa- ter resources were summed up for the Ili River Basin. It is suggested to enhance the planning and study of the drainage basin so as to promote the holistic development, work out the rational intensity of exploiting water re- sources, strictly control the irrigation area, rationally regulate the social and economic development, develop the ecological conservation system for international drainage basins, and actively explore an ecological compensation.