司马迁昧于军事的影响——以李陵事件为例

Sima Qian Ignorance of the Military's Influence in Li Ling Incident

千百年来,人们对史学巨匠司马迁所受的"李陵之祸"莫不扼腕叹息,却很少有人分析司马迁的主体局限在李陵事件中的重要作用。司马迁缺乏军旅生涯积累的社会生活经验,极大地影响了他对于李陵事件的认知和反应。由于对军事的隔膜,他漠视李陵战败投降触犯汉律的投降罪、有亏于国家大节这一事实,为之苦苦辩解,对此事件作出有失偏颇的判断。司马迁的李陵事件警示我们,历史认识过程中不可忽视主体因素的作用,从而重视加强主体修养。

For thousand years, people have the great regret for Sima Qian involved in Li Ling Incident, but few people consider Sima Qian＇ s influence in the incident. Sima Qian＇ s lack of military service and social experience greatly influenced his perception of the event. Because of lack of the knowledge about the military, he ignored the law of the Han dynasty that Li Ling surrendered disobayed the criminal law, but he was hard to excuse making this event biased judgments. Sima Qian in Li Ling Incident teaches the lessons not to ignore the historical process of understanding the role of the main factors, which attaches importance to strengthe- ning the main accomplishment.